Crenation Definition and Example

Crenation is the term used to describe an object having a scalloped or round-toothed edge. The term comes from the Latin word  crenatus  which means scalloped or notched. In biology and zoology, the term refers to an organism displaying the shape (such as a leaf or shell), while in chemistry, crenation is used to describe what happens to a cell or other object when it is exposed to a hypertonic solution. Crenation and Red Blood Cells Red blood cells are the particular type of cell most discussed with reference to crenation. A normal human red blood cell (RBC) is round, with an indented center (because human RBCs lack a nucleus). When a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, such as a highly saline environment, there is a lower concentration of solute particles inside the cell than outside in the extracellular space. This causes water to flow from inside the cell into the extracellular space via osmosis. As water leaves the cell, it shrinks and develops the notched appearance characteristic of crenation. In addition to hypertonicity, red blood cells may have a crenated appearance as the result of certain diseases. Acanthocytes are spiked red blood cells that may form from liver disease, neurological disease, and other illnesses. Echinocytes or burr cells are RBCs that have evenly-spaced thorny projections. Echinocytes form after exposure to anticoagulants and as artifacts from some staining techniques. They are also associated with hemolytic anemia, uremia, and other disorders. Crenation Versus Plasmolysis While crenation occurs in animals cells, cells that have a cell wall cannot shrink and change shape when placed in a hypertonic solution. Plant and bacterial cells instead undergo plasmolysis. In plasmolysis, water leaves the cytoplasm, but the cell wall does not collapse. Instead, the protoplasm shrinks, leaving gaps between the cell wall and cell membrane. The cell loses turgor pressure and becomes flaccid. Continued loss of pressure can cause the collapse of the cell wall or  cytorrhysis. Cells undergoing plasmolysis do not develop a spiky or scalloped shape. Practical Applications of Crenation Crenation is a useful technique for preserving food. Salt curing of meat causes crenation. Pickling of cucumbers is another practical use of crenation.

The Discipline Of Academic Writing - 944 Words

In English 1310 I learned the discipline of academic writing. I learned various tactics that are not only critical when presenting my argument, but that will also enhance the way audiences receive my ideas. Through the critique of the work of authors, followed by my own, I gained a valuable tool that will not only help me in English 1310, but also for the rest of my life. Some of the things that I had learned were the ability to persuade through the use of rhetoric, I learned the importance of syntax and various mistakes that are often made and have a tendency to be ignored by beginning writers. I learned that some of these mistakes can be detrimental to the way the audience can perceive the message presented. Through various literary texts, videos, peer revisions, and library visits the professor carefully orchestrated a course to fully benefit the way in which the students can grasps important key features in literature. In order to synthesize all the information, we had class dis cussions that aided us in constructing our own personal work. First we learned how to identify an argument, then how to identify primary and secondary sources. We learned to make universal implications that tied together the overall themes of the stories we had read. Also, in order to grasp a better understanding of the literature and its implication, through a combination with the course required texts and the professor’s expertise we were able to criticize the author’s effectiveness. ForShow MoreRelatedClimate Change Reaction Paper1415 Words   |  6 PagesWhat characterises academic writing? It is perhaps tempting to think that Academic Writing (AW) is guided by a fairly homogeneous set of rules and aspects. This is so, possibly because we frequently see books with titles such as  Academic Writing  and  Writing Academic English, and we hear from fellow students, teachers, colleagues and friends about the need for skills within written academic English. However, even if there arguably are core aspects and skills, it is important to acknowledge the factRead MoreComparison Of Thonney, Williams, And Mcenerney1750 Words   |  7 PagesMcEnerney Writing consists of self expression, an outlet of creativity to communicate ideas. An individualism thought, purpose, and goal we are able to carry out towards our intended audience. Writing allows us to credit those who have impacted our lives positively. Furthermore, Academic essay writing is an important and effective piece in one’s life in order to gain knowledge that will allow us to present our ideas clearly and logically. Furthering your education consist of constantly writing papersRead MoreFree Papers1007 Words   |  5 PagesIf you are looking for free academic papers such as free essays, free term papers, free research papers, free dissertations, free book reports/book reviews, free essays, free speeches, there exists a chance of being accused of plagiarism. Free papers downloaded from essay databases and essay sites can be easily detected by plagiarism detection systems and sofwares. You can find a lot of resources and sites with databases of free sample papers and free example papers on any topic. You can use theseRead MoreFree Papers992 Words   |  4 PagesIf you are looking for free academic papers such as free essays, free term papers, free research papers, free dissertations, free book reports/book reviews, free essays, free speeches, there exists a chance of being accused of plagiarism. 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It will also demonstrate the benefits of expanding one’s know ledge of these studies and how it can aid the user in terms of both academic and professional progression. In order to progress and achieve high expectations in Higher Education, developing a range of effective study skills and strategies, is an absolute necessity to fulfil any criteria! Of course revising is a beneficial accolade, both onRead MoreThe Humanities Of Arts Management964 Words   |  4 PagesIt cannot deny that there are more and more new fields in academic education. One of the most relevant to me is the arts management. After studied arts management at undergraduate school in Taiwan, now I am still studying in this field in America. Therefore, I am interested in the education of the arts management in the US. The aim of the paper is to examine the research paper, â€Å"The MFA in Arts Management† (Rosenstein, 2013) to understand the arts management’s condition in American education. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Key Literacy Skills That Have A Comprehensive Knowledge Of Literacy1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe discipline of history requires students to have a compreh ensive knowledge of literacy in order to understand the elements of texts, how and why they were created, and how to construct arguments in an academically correct format. There are two key literacy skills that students need master in order to be successful in a history discipline class: the ability to analyse and evaluate sources and the ability to correctly structure academic arguments. While these understandings are ultimately skillRead MoreEssay about Academic Integrity - 31056 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic Integrity Paper University of Phoenix October 8, 2012 Academic Integrity This paper will speak of Academic Integrity. What it means to use it correctly and the consequences when wrongfully used. I will voice my views along with the views of others on how Academic Integrity is good rule to follow to write a paper. The paper will also be speaking of the disciplinary action that will be put into place and how students have to go through steps to completing those disciplinary terms.

America’s Craving for Desire Free Essays

Matt Thompson Basic Composition 355:100: G6 Final Draft Paper #5 12/1/10 America’s Craving for Desire The great American author Napoleon Hill once said, â€Å"Desire is the starting point of all achievement, not a hope, not a wish, but a keen pulsating desire which transcends everything. † Hill presents the idea that these desires become the foundation, which in turn creates a power that is superior to the standard. America as a whole has the desire to be better than every other country, even if the consequences are unknown. We will write a custom essay sample on America’s Craving for Desire or any similar topic only for you Order Now Americans believe our way of living has put the country above the rest, for our advancements are much greater than the rest. Barbara Kingsolver in â€Å"A Fist in the Eye of God,† explores the theory that America wants to be presented to the world with a positive image, by advancing in every aspect there is to grow in. Kingsolver explains that evolution is the â€Å"greatest show on earth†, as long as the new procedures and advancements are for the common good. Kingsolver argues that ethics should be just as a part of the application and uses of technology as profit. However, Americans also has the desire to stick with what has been practiced for decades. Jack Hitt in â€Å"Dinosaur Dreams: Reading the Bones of America’s Psychic Mascot,† expresses the idea that the Americans’ ambition to seek for supremacy has created the image of the tyrannosaurus rex, due to its dominant stature which represents America. Hitt argues that the image of the tyrannosaurus rex should not be altered because it has been around for generations and in turn has made America into what it is today. The desire to be the best is what creates the almighty ego of America. American exceptionalism, the idea that America is an invincible superpower, dismisses long-term consequences in favor of short-term gain, to currently better the standard of living, which in turn reveals the true image that Americans wish to attain by looking at evolution as a way to gain supremacy. The visual representation of America has been created through the ambitions and desires of dominance that Americans have strived for, throughout the centuries. America has always had the desire to e the most efficient and potent country in the world, while other countries attempt to be like America. There is no country like America, for Americans are always one step ahead of the competition: â€Å"dinosaurs are distinctly American, not only because our scholars have so often been at the forefront of fossil discoveries and paleontological theory but because the popular dinosaur is a wholly owned projection of the nationalist psyche of the United States† (Hitt 128). Hitt notes that the tyrannosaurus rex was generated from Americans ambitions and how Americans wanted to see T. ex, for America had basically found most of these dinosaurs through archeological digs. In Hitt’s essay, countries like China tried to make new dinosaurs based off of their own desires, but America quickly shot them down because the image did not accommodate what Americans wanted dinosaurs to be. Hitt explains that through Americans aspirations, America had used the T-rex to create the powerful country that it is today, making the T-rex our mascot. America may be a dominant country compared to o ther countries, but that does not mean that everything is done in everyone’s best interest. Kingsolver says, â€Å"But I only have to stand still for a minute and watch the outcome of thirty million years’ worth of hummingbird evolution transubstantiated before my eyes into nest and egg to get knocked down to size† (Kinsolver 213). Kingsolver presents the idea that America can get to the stature it wants to be by following the example of the hummingbird, as the hummingbird has done just fine by itself over the billions of years without technology. Kingsolver explains that America is efficient like a hummingbird, but ultimately gets to that desired efficiency through an unethical approach. America’s desires are achieved by profit, not by a careful and methodical approach to make American’s lives better. Many countries look down upon the power hungry country that America aspires to be, for almost everything that Americans have made has been through the advancements of technology. Kingsolver says that many products that make America efficient are banned in other countries, as the effects of the products are unknown. America has the image of a dominant and sometimes unethical nation, which has been created and developed by the visual ideas of Americans over time. The dreamers of America have a similar projection of what America should look like to the rest of the world, but each has different desires to make that projection relevant. The traditionalists of America wish to gain the reputation of the most powerful country by holding firm to the original beliefs and culture that America has created, while the evolutionists hope to show their power through the progression of technology and advancements. Progression is what makes the world go round because if the world doesn’t develop, many civilizations wouldn’t be here today. Kingsolver says that, â€Å"this is our new magic bullet: We can move single genes around in a genome to render a specific trait that nature can’t put there, such as ultrarapid growth or vitamin A in rice† (Kingsolver 209). Genetic engineering has allowed Americans to expand on their desires and make them the best, for things like Bt corn and Monsanto can be created through this process. Kingsolver explains that while many countries like to stick with tradition, America generally accepts the separation from tradition, in order to better themselves through technology. In turn, Americans believes that the evolution of technology, presents a positive image to the world and how everyone else strives to become like America. Unlike the anti-traditional Americans in Kingsolver’s essay, the Americans described in Hitt’s essay, believe that tradition is the foundation that creates America’s power. Hitt says, â€Å"we eat dinosaurs and they eat us. We partake in their dinosaurness, they partake of our humanness† (Hitt 131). Hitt explains that through America’s aspirations, the dinosaur has become America and America has become the dinosaur, since America has followed and studied them more than any other country. America encourages the practice of learning about dinosaurs because it has uncovered the truth about America and our persistent selves. America has the desire to be the best and the tyrannosaurus rex, in the minds of the world, is the best for it is seen as a dominant creature to all. Hitt states that America is comfortable and content with the old image of the dinosaur, especially the tyrannosaurus rex because it is what the Americans before us believed it to be. If America were to progress forward with the new image, the unappealing image, the hummingbird, would be the new face of America and the more attractive image, the T. ex, would be left behind; creating confusion for the old image created the modern superpower of America. However, America must strive toward evolution and progression because staying with tradition would hinder America’s chance to become the stature that Americans desire. Once America’s ambitions of supremacy are fulfilled, America accepts the wo rld as superficial, while losing sight of reality, leaving it never to be found. Americans realize that America is above the rest, so many naively think there is no need to change anything, for the power that has been desired, has been achieved. With this irrational thinking, there are long and short-term consequences that can affect us now and even the Americans after us, when many of us are long gone. Kingsolver says, â€Å"the potential human ills caused by ingestion of engineered foods remain an open category† (Kingsolver 210). Kingsolver explains that America ignores the consequences, as long as the technology and practices being used are beneficial to Americans needs and aspirations. These new foods, technology, etc. an end up harming Americans and foreign countries that get these distributions, because we don’t have enough research on these new inventions before each and every one of them is given out to the public. America can begin to lose touch with reality, as everything that is created around them is genetically engineered to fit the image of America’s desires, to make us more efficient. While there are consequences that can physically harm Americans, there are also consequences to Americanâ €™s mentality. Hitt says, â€Å"These are all intriguing hypotheses, but the fossils do not give us enough evidence to test whether any of them are correct. The mystery remains unresolved† (Hitt 137). Hitt states that the images and thought processes of America become the norm when everyone sees things in the same way. Americans believe scientist, researches, etc. without the real knowledge of the subject because it is what has been practiced for centuries. For example, the tyrannosaurus rex was made to fit the bill of America’s brute strength, and in turn it became the mascot of America. America accepts the image of the tyrannosaurus rex because this practice of dinosaurs is what America wants to see. Hitt explains that the desires to see that tyrannosaurus rex as a powerful creature that represents America, leaves America with short and long term consequences. In Hitt’s essay, he shows that Americans become scientifically illiterate for man does not know the true facts about the world before him. Americans don’t dig deep enough in finding the real truth and in reality, only scratches the surface to find something that is appealing to them. Consequently, the real truths of the world become lost over time. Through America’s exceptionalsim, their desires cause unintended repercussions that will soon expose America to the est of the world. Desires are an inclination to attain something that men and women want to achieve in his or her lifetime. Americans aspires to be the best and most powerful country in the nation, leaving the rest behind. America has its own image that it has created and how it is to be viewed by the nation. America creates this representation through the process of evolution and tradition. Through evolution, like genetic engineering, America makes advances through technology to make a higher standard for living, while the practice of tradition allows Americans to portray images in a way that is desired. While Americans accept the advancements that makes America the way that it is, there some short and long term consequences that can negatively affect America. Most of the consequences are unknown to Americans, for concise research was not done to many products given to Americans. Desires can bring many consequences, but in reality, many Americans would not be living if America did not aspire to be the best and raise our standard of technology. How to cite America’s Craving for Desire, Papers

Introduction to Public Speaking free essay sample

The speaker speaks about the concern or issues in order to convey a message to the listener. Communication is to provide information. 5. If there is a contradiction between the verbal and non-verbal components of a speaker’s message, which components is a listener likely to accept as the true message? Non-verbal components of a speaker’s message are what a listener is likely to accepts. 6. If communication fails, who is to blame the speaker or the listener? * The speaker is to blame, due to the objective of conveying the message or speech in a way that the listener understands. 7. What two channels are most frequently used for classroom speeches? * The main channels are auditory (your voice) and visual (gestures, facial expressions). 8. What are the 3 types of interference? * External comes from outside the listener. (someone coughing, people talking loudly) * Internal come within the listener. listener being hungry or sick) * Speaker-generated interference (confusing concepts, unfamiliar words) 9. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Public Speaking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What are stereotypes? Give some examples. * Oversimplified or exaggerated image. Giving a speech about federal benefits to people in need and understanding may be difficult for some people to understand that not all people abuse government assistance. 10. According to a survey, what is the number one mistake made by public speakers? * Failing to tailor one’s speech to the needs and interest of the audience.

The eNotes Blog Shakespeare Lives! Making the Bard Relevant to Your MillennialStudents

Shakespeare Lives! Making the Bard Relevant to Your MillennialStudents In â€Å"Home-Thoughts, from Abroad,† Victorian poet Robert Browning declares wistfully, â€Å"Oh, to be in England / Now that April’s there  . . .† Well, it’s April again, and this month would be an especially great time to be in England since it’s the four-hundred-year anniversary of William Shakespeare’s death on April 23, 1616. It’s also the month to celebrate his birth. We don’t know exactly when Will was born in 1564, but he arrived one day in April, and the rest is literary history. Considering William Shakespeare’s contributions to world literature, it’s fitting that we should celebrate his birth and observe his passing, but interestingly enough, the writer, who has been dead for four hundred years, is still very much alive. He breathed his last in 1616, but he’s still with us. We read his poetry and watch his plays on stage and film. We quote passages from his work and use the expressions he coined. We make movies about his life and debate whether or not he actually wrote everything attributed to him. The idea that one man could produce such a brilliant, comprehensive, and compelling body of work is more than some critics can accept. How could anyone have been that good? they wonder. Here’s how: literary genius! That, and a complete and abiding understanding of human nature. Shakespeare lives because his work endures, especially his plays. Among them are some of the most remarkable examinations of the human psyche to be found in world literature. Also among them are some of the most entertaining celebrations of human silliness. People can be really ridiculous, he often points out. From being plagued with tragic character flaws to being defined by amusing human foibles, Shakespeare’s characters  reveal the human condition as it has always been and will always be. When students first encounter a play by Shakespeare, their initial reactions are pretty predictable: â€Å"How can we read this since it’s written in a foreign language?† and â€Å"Why should we try?† They throw down the gauntlet, and the challenge must be met! The first order of business is to make Shakespeare relevant to students  by pointing out that human nature doesn’t change. Ever. The feelings and conflicts explored in his plays are timeless and universal. Kids become more open to Shakespeare’s plays when they learn what he actually wrote about: love, death, violence, fear, friendship, betrayal, insecurity, greed, ambition, courage, desire, pride, revenge- and the ever-present conflict between parents and children. What could be more contemporary or more relevant to their lives than all that? Making students understand that their conflicts and feelings are not unique to them or to modern life is an important first step in introducing Shakes peare, and it’s arguably the most important reason for having them read his plays. Another way to make Shakespeare relevant to kids is to bring him out of the seventeenth century and introduce him in a context they understand: Will was a celebrity, a media star! The most popular playwright in London, he entertained commoners,  royalty, and everyone else in town. A Shakespeare play at the Globe was a hot ticket! If the Internet had existed in Shakespeare’s day, he would have been all over it, and who knows how many Twitter followers he would have had. Let students know why Shakespeare wrote his plays (for money) and for whom he wrote them (not English teachers). Let them get to know him as more than a guy with a pointy beard. Also, build an appreciation for Shakespeare as a playwright by pointing out what he had to work with in staging a production, or more precisely, what he didn’t have to work with- no lights, no sound system, and certainly no special effects. He had an essentially bare stage, and words. For kids who haven’t mastered Elizabethan English- and that would be all of them- a Shakespearean play does indeed seem to be written in a foreign language. It’s filled with archaic words and expressions and obscure allusions. The syntax is confusing, and on top of that, the play is written almost entirely in iambic pentameter. No wonder they’re put off by it at first. It is, however, written in English. Most of Shakespeare’s vocabulary consists of standard English words, and much can be done to help students manage the language they don’t understand. Most texts are annotated to explain the allusions and archaic expressions and to define especially challenging vocabulary words. All that is helpful, but the most effective way to make Shakespeare’s language seem less foreign and intimidating to students is to have them listen to the play while following the text, matching what they hear with what they read. An actor’s voice brings the words to life through dramatic interpretation, inflection, and tone. The more kids listen to Shakespeare, the more familiar his language becomes. They begin to catch the rhythm of it, and they soon recognize many of the expressions. After a while, they’re caught up in the drama or the comedy without having to understand every word. Taking students into Shakespeare’s world, and bringing him into theirs, is a challenge, but the rewards are more than worth the effort. His having remained with us for four hundred years surely attests to that. Shakespeare lives, and kids deserve to meet him. They’ll love him! To borrow from Othello (1604), it’s a foregone conclusion! This is a post from Staff Writer, Susan Hurn. Susan is a former high school English teacher and college instructor. She loves writing for and also enjoys good books, creative writing, and all things related to history.  Let us know if you’re interested in  contributing to the   blog.

Research-Based Ways to Live Through Finals

Research-Based Ways to Live Through Finals The finals are obviously stressful. Either youve got a lot to catch up with or simply prove your diligence once again – the pressure is enormous. Fortunately, one doesnt have to struggle alone. Not only your friends and family are always ready to come to the rescue. The whole world of science works to make your life if not awesome, then at least bearable. Dont believe it? Check out our top picks and use them to ace your exams one by one! Move Around Preparing for final exams you may get that â€Å"groundhog day† feeling. Sitting at the same library desk on a daily basis, doodling on its dusty surface, thinking that theres no end to all of that. Not only its a bit frustrating, but it also makes you less sharp at learning and remembering new things. The study has shown, that switching studying locations has a positive impact onto recognition memory. Having placed yourself into a different context, you force your brain to activate and build new, vivid associative connections. That results in better understanding and memorizing the material. So grab that cup of coffee and go to the park to study! Theres never been better excuse for that. Test Yourself Theres no need to whine: we know, youre going to have plenty of those soon. However, forewarned is forearmed. Plus, the research has proven memory tests improve long-term retention. Making yourself go through tests of various forms makes you engage your brain to the greatest extent and think of the material youve got to learn from different sides. Usually, the things you struggle to remember during the preparatory tests will leave deep imprints on your brain. In addition, youll reduce the levels of anxiety when the actual test-day comes. Squeeze Anxiety and finals go hand in hand. No matter, either its pre- or post-exam, it never is a pleasant experience. Theres a remedy, that might help you loosen up and perform better as a result. Thats a progressive muscle relaxation. The process is quite simple: youve got to tighten your muscles group by group, and then let go. Start with the toes and move to the shoulders. Youll feel significantly better, as your muscles will relieve pressure, theyve been holding in for a while. Plus, youre likely to distract from â€Å"I cant do this† thoughts and enter the exam hall with the boost of confidence you need. Take Deep Breaths Aromatherapy demonstrated a beneficial effect onto the students, dealing with pre-exam anxiety. The study concentrated on the impact of lavender and rosemary, however you may feel free to experiment. What sets the perfect mood for getting the grade you need? Is it a zingy orange? Or, possibly, a cool mint? Choose the smell that makes you feel both inspired and calm. Take deep breaths and go for those great results stress-free! C is for Cardio Different research projects keep demonstrating that aerobic exercise is awesome for your brain. Your memory improves, you get less worried. In addition, your cognitive abilities improve: the subjects of the research have completed a certain test before and after a 20-minute bike ride. They coped with the after-ride test a lot faster, maintaining the same level of precision. And you get a leaner body, just as a bonus. Seems pretty cool, doesnt it? Teachem Why do you think your professors are so good at the subjects they teach? Because they repeat pretty much the same stuff over and over again! According to the study, reciting is a highly efficient memorizing tool. Why dont you use it? Retell the material youve been cramming to your friends or family. If these guys dont want to listen to you – teach a bunch of stuffed animals, for instance. (The end justifies the means, right?) The humans are a bit better here, though: they may ask questions, youll have to answer! This helps you look at the topic from different angles, thus, carving it onto your brain. Build a Schedule When it comes to preparation to finals, time-management is essential. Not just when you need to fit a little nap into your tight revision schedule, but also in terms of letting your brain have some rest between studying sessions. This way information will soak in far more effectively. Pomodoro Technique may be of a great help. Youll divide your time into cycles of work and relaxing, lasting for 25 and 5 minutes respectively. The rhythm will keep your brain alert during the active intervals and will help you really cherish those 5 minutes of rest. The length of periods may differ: you could also try the 50/10 principle. Intermittent manner will help you memorize things better, for longer periods of time. Nighty-Night The study has once again demonstrated that sleep deprivation is extremely harmful for ones cognitive functions. You get distracted much easier, things you seem to have memorized forever just leave your head, that buzzes with serene, untouched emptiness. Thus, if you dont want this to happen – dont push your way through the all-nighter. Get the maximum amount of peaceful slumber the last night before the big test. Find out how to study for a test the night before so that it wont be harmful for your health! Sleep On It Your brain strengthens memories in your sleep. The research has shown, that learning new information before going to bed helps you remember it much better next morning. Dont just go over and over the stuff youve known already. Concentrate on new things. Make sure to leave at least an hour of a gap between studying and dozing off: bringing your textbooks and notes to bed may result in deteriorating your quiet sleep. Well, now you know what to do. Get that lavender oil, go for a jog and then study before sleeping! Just kidding. Use the tips you like and brace yourselves. And remember: its going to be just fine! image credit: wikimedia.org

Nonverbal behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nonverbal behavior - Essay Example According to the taxonomy of different types of touching, Heslin and Alper (1983) have provided individuals with explanations as to what touch behavior entails. Based on the taxonomy, the messages communicated carry different meanings, which extend from less personal touch to touch that is more personal (Knapp and Horgan 238). In this case, I will emphasize on the warmth/friendship type of touch behavior. From my experience with this type of touch behavior, I have understand the need to extend my closeness to other people. Nonetheless, other people may misunderstand this type of touch behavior increasing discomfort. Understanding the different kinds of touch behavior has the potential of boosting an individual’s knowledge to interpret the messages portrayed. The taxonomy by Heslin and Alper (1983) explains how touch behavior is understood based on personal interactions. For instance, as Arabs living in the U.S., we practice our own unique touch behavior. When we meet with our colleagues, we fancy handshakes and chest kissing. On the contrary, non-Arabs misunderstand this practice by considering it as inappropriate and aggressive when practiced towards them. Furthermore, it may indicate intimate relationship, which is annoying for the Arabs. In my case, I have started feeling uncomfortable with this practice, as I do not want my non-Arab colleagues to misunderstand me based on the relationship I have developed with people of my